Composition shingle.



l. C. & 0. M. LOYER.

c0MPos|T|oN SHINGL'E.

APPLICATION FILED DEC27| I9I5.

Patented July 18, 1916.

@wi/[meno l @um JOSEPH C. JGER. OLIVER M. LOYER.

if@ //M afkomen:

` with separate sheathing material.

- from 'the building durin UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'aosEr'n c. LOYER. AND oLrvEn n. LOYER, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

l'comrosITIeNsHmeLE.

tion Shingles, andv declare the following l'to be a full, clear, vand exact description of the same, such as will enable others sllled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the reference being had'tothe accompanysame , which form a part of this ing .drawings,

. specification.

This invention relates to composition shingles for vuse in the roofing or walls of houses and other An object of the Vinvention is a shingle of pliable nature, the exposed 'surfaceof which is duf-able and the covered surfaces of which are provided with a covering Vofpgfelt, tar-y paper or the like, preventing a loss of heat Y cold, periods and protecting the interior o the building from the hotysun of' warmer periods.

A further object is a shingle of pliable nature .provided with metal reinforcement' extending a portion of the length of the shingle to prevent warpinggof thejexposed ends o r'displacement thereof' by wind-or other cause.

An additional object is a shingle formed of comparatively inexpensive ingredients, the base of which is referably asphaltum or the like adapted to e moldedor rolled to form and covering the lower endembedded in part of the -upper surface is a sheet of' .tari-ed'. paper, felt or similar material .providing an effective sheathinglaid with'the shingle 'and avoiding the necessity of first covering the roof or walls of the building These several objectsv and novel features of the invention are hereinafter more fully described and-claimed and shown in the accompanyingdrawings in whichv Figure 1 is a plan view of a shingle embodying our invention. Fig. .2 is a crosssection thereof taken on line w--w of Fig. 1. Fi 3 is a plan view showing a shingle of a dierent form than-shown in Fig. 1.

Similar characters refer to similar parts throughout the drawinnd specification.

The base 1 of the s 'ngleis preferably com osed of asphaltum, gronnd-cinders, san orl similar filler. Pitch or tar may thev various Speeication 'of Ilie'tteifs:Patent .Patgntednq Application aiea December 27, deis.' jseriai No. 68,751.3. l

also beused in `the composition and various ingredients lother than sand or cinders 'may be.ut1l1'zed. Cinders, however, is the preferableller on account of its cheapness. The shingle 1s' preferably formed by passing thc previously mixed material betweenA rollers set tov (give the 'shingle greater thickness at oneen .than'at the other, as in theerdinary wood shin le. A tarred paper or felt cover- 111g 2 pre erably of a single piece extends.

across "the bottom side of the shingle, as indicated in Fig. 2, about the thin end thereof and part way across' the upper surface as indicated at 3. 4.The composition base being quite phablebefore hardening, the said felt or paper covering may-be embeddedin the material asgindicate'd on the upperside durmg formatlon, making the upper surface of the shingle even or fiat. The ,rollers for z forming the shingle are preferably heated so that thematerial is readily formed land also the asphaltumis drawn to the surface of the uncovered part' 4.

.In laying the shingle-the uncovered portion 4 is exposed -to the weather and a. suc# ce'eding shingle is placed thereon slightly overlapping the portion .3 of the felt coveringA onfthe top surface as indicated by dot-I ted lines in Figs. 1 and 2. In this manner the felt or `paper is entirely covered by the superposedrowsof shingles 'when placed on the roofleaving the asphalt face 4 only exposed te action' by the elements.l This -face' 4safter 'formation andsubse uent hardening is'l very' durable -and'the portlons most liable "to deterioration by action of the elements are fully shielded. VThus a shingle is producedI that is of long life providil'ig an' efficient` protection from heat or cold and the necessity of first sheathing the roof by the layingofa tarr'ed'l paper or theli-keon which the shingles .are laid. is' avoided;

'- Ashing'le formed-of the type'of materials `herein iiinilic'ated is somewhat pliableso that' various curved surfaces may be readily conformedto 'by -bending .the shingle, and to prevent warpin of the shingle by action of the sun and llfting of 'the edges of the shingles by` wind-storms and the like, the lower exposed portion is provided with a metal reinforcing' member 6 preferably of wire. With the squareended shingle, the wirepreferably has theform shown-,in Fig. 1 and in shingles of other forms, ``as indicated by full and dotted linesin Fig.,3, the metal reinforcement is preferably of a tum, pitch, tar and the like combined withV ground-Cinders, sand, or similar ingredients in various proportions suitable for the purpose, the essential characteristic being that the finished shingle shall be somewhat pliable in nature, having a reinforcing member preventing the warping of the shingle by action of the elements and by the provision ofa paper or felt covering unexposed to the action of the elements a shingle is produced very durable in nature and comparatively inexpensive to manufacture.

By the addition of ground-slate or the like on the upper surface ofthe uncovered portion 4 while in a green state, a shingle of various colors may be produced `as may be desired.

Having thus briedy described our invention, and its utility, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States isy 1. A composition shingle comprising a base formed of a cementitious material and an aggregate, and being pli-able in character, a tarred paper or felt covering and adhering to its entire lower and a portion of its upper surface, and a metal relnforcement wholly embedded in the cementitious material extending part way of the length of the shingle from the butt end, the' uncovered portion only of the shingle being exposed to weather when laid.

2. A composition shingle comprising a. base formed of asphaltuin, ground cinolers or the like, thicker atthe butt than at the top Montse end, a tarred paper or felt covering and adhering to its entire lower and a portion of its upper surface, the uncovered portion only being exposed when laid, and a metal reinforcement wholly embedded in the base.

3. A composition p shingle comprising a base formed of pliable cementitious mate-1 rial and an aggregate, a tarred paper or telt covering on its entire lower and a portion of its upper surface, the uncovered portion only being exposed when laid, and a metal reinforcement wholly embedded in the base consisting of a wire extending in parallel lines adjacent each longitudinal side of the shingle and a connectin portion near the butt end of the shingle o a form adapted to prevent transverse warping of the shingle.

4i. A composition shingle comprising a base formed of a pliable cementitious material and an aggregate, a tarred paper or felt covering on its entire lower and a portion of its upper surface, the uncovered portion only being exposed when laid, and a metal rein-1 forcement wholly embedded in the base, the length of which is not less than the length of the exposed portion of the shingle and consisting of a. wire extending in parallel lines adjacent each longitudinal side of the shingle, and a connecting portion extending between the parallel portions near the butt end of the shingle along lines out of parallel ism with said side portions.

5. A composition shingle comprising a base of pliable cementitious material oit a character that hardens after molding, a tarred paper or felt covering on the entire lower and a portion of its upper surface adhering to the base, the tarred. paper or felt being embedded in the base on the upper side so that the ex osed surface of the base and the upper sur ace ofthe felt are in the same plane, and a metal reinforcement embedded in the base.

lin testimony whereof, we sign. this speci`= cation.

JSEPH C. LYER. @LEVER M. LYER. 

